Humans started as gatherers of food on the planet. They occasionally hunted, adding meat to their diet. Eventually, we started growing and selling food in local communities. The global food market is a huge industry now, and scientists are constantly looking for ways to deal with food scarcity. Genetically modified (GM) foods emerged as a solution to the food shortage problem as populations increased.

What are GM Foods?

Genetically modified crops are foods with edited genes. Their seeds have been genetically engineered to create a stronger and more sustainable variety. Such crops are more adaptable to varying weather conditions and resistant to pests. They have altered genes, so some people label these foods unnatural. 

Advantages of GM Foods 

GM foods promise more yields as less of the crop is damaged. Those in favor of GM foods say that these are also better for the environment as they use fewer pesticides. These are cheaper and easier to grow. Given their better yields, longer freshness, resistance to pests, etc., GM foods offer a solution to the global food shortage.

Disadvantages of GM Foods 

Over a more extended period, such crops may cause weeds and insects to become resistant to herbicides and pesticides. They can also increase antibiotic resistance and allergies in the human body. Many huge corporations hold patents for GM foods, making it an unfair market for smaller businesses and farmers who use traditional, more expensive methods. GM producers also grow only one kind of crop over large land areas, decreasing biodiversity. 

Is it Wise to Ban GM Foods?

By 2050, the world will need 70 per cent more food to meet the demands of the increasing population. Arable land will become dry due to climate change. The solution could be GM crops, which can withstand extreme temperatures and grow even in dry-land areas. At the same time, governments should evaluate the long-term effects of GM foods. We should also assess the damage it causes to the environment.

GM Foods Around the World

Twenty-six countries have partially or entirely banned GM crops. Sixty-four nations require GM food to be labeled. Research has shown the adverse effects of GM foods being fed to animals. Since the effects of such foods on human health are unknown, these should be strongly regulated, if not entirely banned.  

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are examples of GM foods?

GM crops include sugar, canola, soybean, corn syrup, and cornstarch. Some vegetables and fruits are also available in GM varieties.

2. Is GM Food Safe?

While GM foods available globally have passed safety checks, their long-term effects are unknown. 

3. Which GM crops are allowed in India?

Cotton is one of the GM foods permitted in India. Potato, mustard, and brinjal are awaiting permission. Out of these, brinjal has reached the approval stage.

4. Why should we not genetically modify foods?

GM foods can cause antibiotics-resistance and even increase food allergies in some people.

5. Are GM foods bad for the environment?

GM crops may increase herbicide and pesticide-resistant weeds and insects. They may also decrease biodiversity.